| Name | Baicalin-7-glucoside |
| Synonyms | Oroxin A Oroxin A (b) OROXYLI SEMEN Baicalin-7-glucoside Baicalein 7-b-D-glucopyranoside |
| CAS | 31567-75-6 |
| Molecular Formula | C21H20O10 |
| Background and overview | wooden butterfly is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" 2005 edition of a collection of its source for the cyanaceae plant butterfly Orox ylumindicum(L.) ven. t of the dried mature seeds, formerly known as Thousand Paper. Minority areas called "Three hundred two silver drugs". Wood butterfly bitter, sweet, cool, into the lungs, liver, stomach. Have clear lung, pharynx, cough, Shugan, and the effect of stomach. The patient had Cough fever in lung, with arthralgia of larynx, with hoarseness, liver and stomach qi pain, and sore. It can be used for decoction, Trituration or external application. The main domestic seeds as medicine, in India, Bangladesh, Thailand, butterfly leaves and bark also do medicinal. Wooden butterfly from the 1963 edition of the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" began to collect, but to the 2005 edition of the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" its quality standards have not been systematically formulated, and in recent years the domestic research on its has been in a state of stagnation. The chemical constituents of wood butterfly are mainly flavonoids and their glycosides, many of which have been found in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. However, biomimetic B has not been found in Scutellaria baicalensis and other plants so far. At present, the flavonoid aglycones isolated from the wood butterfly are: baicalin (baicalein), apigenin (apigenin), chrysin, 5-hydroxy-6, 7-dimethoxy-6-methoxyflavone (5-hydroxy- 6,7-dimethoxyfavone), xylobutin A(oroxy linA), 5, 6-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone (neglectein), ripidulin, scutellarein; Flavonoid glycosides in wood butterfly plants: baicalin, baicalein-7-O- glucoside, baicalein-7-O -diglucoside B, tetuin, also known as tetuin, oroxin, chrysin -7-o-D-glucoside, chrysin-7-o-β-d-glucuronide, scutellarin (scutellari) n), chrysin-7-o-β-gentibioside (chrysin-7-o-β- gentiobioside), baicalein-7-o-β-gentibioside (baicalein-7-o-β-gentibioside), scutellarein-7- rutinoside. In addition, the seeds of the wooden butterfly plant also contain p-hydroxyphenylethanol and cyclohexanol compounds; The heartwood contains β-sitosterol and prunetin; The stem bark contains 4 kinds of Pterocarpus compounds, compound 1:2 ', 3'-dihydro-2 ', 2'-dimethyl-2, 3-nitrofurantoin pterostilbene base, compound 2:2 ', 3 '-dihydro-2'-methyl -2 '-d odecan l-2, 3-nitrofurantoin pterostilbene base, compound 3:2', 3 '-dihydro-2'-hexyl-2, 3-furan-8-hydroxypterostilbene base and compound 4:2 ', 3'-dihydro-2 '-heptyl-3-furan-8-hydroxypterostilbene base; root contains ellagicacid; Bark contains p-hydroxycinnamic acid (p-coumaricacid), lapachol and β- lapachone; In addition, aloe-emodin has also been reported in leaves. Therefore, baicalein-7- O- glucoside A is one of the main components of wood butterfly, which has the corresponding pharmacological effects. |
| pharmacological effects and applications | wood butterfly as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine chemical composition complex biological activity widely, pharmacological and toxicological tests show that wood butterfly has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, cytotoxic, anti-cancer effects. The pharmacological effects of its individual components are not clear yet. wood butterfly plants have antibacterial activity, and have inhibitory effect on Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus, Aspergillus flavus and other bacteria and fungi. The study found that flavonoids in wood butterfly had anti-inflammatory effect on mouse glycan-induced edema, and its mechanism was due to the promotion of-chymotrypsin hydrolysis on casein, its anti-inflammatory effect is enhanced when combined with-chymotrypsin. In addition, another study found that wood butterfly water extract can reduce the degree of xylene-induced ear swelling in mice, showing a better anti-inflammatory effect; And wood butterfly water extract significantly reduced the spleen index of mice, the thymus index, liver Index and kidney index had no significant effect. Anti-mutagenic and antioxidant effects In Ames test, methanol extract of wooden butterfly can significantly inhibit gene mutation, which may be related to the higher content of baicalin. Antioxidant tests were carried out on a variety of medicinal plants in Thailand, and it was found that the water extract of wood butterfly had good antioxidant effect. DPPH free radical scavenging method was used to determine the antioxidant activity of wood butterfly leaf extract. When the extract concentration was 100g/mL, the ethyl acetate extract had the highest DPPH free radical scavenging rate and the strongest antioxidant activity, this may be related to the higher content of polyphenols in this part. In addition, the preparation of rat liver microsomes at low temperature through Fe2 +-ADP-NADPH in vitro antioxidant test showed that the 70% ethanol extract of wood butterfly had strong antioxidant activity. Genotoxicity and cell proliferation effects In vitro experiments showed that the dose-dependent DNA single-strand breaks in gastric mucosa of rats could be caused by the administration of 1~2 g/kg, 2 h after administration, the DNA lysis rate of gastric mucosa increased 18 times; 16 h after administration of 0.7 ~ g/kg, the amount of replication can be increased up to 11 times; 4h after 0.25~2.0 g/kg administration, the activity of guanine decarboxylase in the gastric wall mucosa of rats is increased in a dose-dependent manner, and the maximum survival rate can be increased to 100 times of normal, the results showed that the wood butterfly had genotoxicity and cell proliferation activity on the isolated gastric wall mucosa. Anti-cancer effect cytotoxicity test was conducted on 11 kinds of medicinal plants with anti-cancer potential from Bangladesh, and it was found that the extract of wood butterfly on leukemia cells, acute myeloid leukemia cells, the IC50 of melanoma cells and colon cancer cells were 19.6, 14.2, 17.2, 32.5g/mL, which revealed the toxic effect of wood butterfly extract on cancer cells, the strongest suggestion is that it is necessary to isolate and identify its active ingredients and conduct a more extensive biological activity test. In addition, other studies have reported that Wood butterfly extract has anti-proliferative activity on human breast cancer cells MCF7 and MDA-MB-231, which can relieve phlegm, relieve cough and prevent cataract The efficacy of wood butterfly was carried out by animal experimental model of cough and expectorant. Test, it was found that wooden butterfly could reduce Cough times of mice caused by ammonia and prolong the incubation period. Wooden butterfly could increase the excretion of phenol red in mouse trachea, indicating that wooden butterfly had antitussive and expectorant effects. The galactose-induced cataract rat model was selected for the experiment, and it was found that the wooden butterfly could correct the metabolic disorder of the lens of the model rat, and restore the various enzymes in the glucose metabolism in the lens and the lipid peroxide of the total lipid to the normal level, it has preventive and therapeutic effects on galactose cataract in rats. |
| toxic and side effects | the acute toxicity test of the water extract of wood butterfly on mice: 10, 50, 100g/kg dose of intragastric administration once, the maximum amount of gavage is not more than 1 mL. After 7 days of continuous observation, the mice have no death, and the mental state is good, autopsy revealed no evident change in all organs. The maximum tolerance dose test of water extract of wood butterfly: The mice were fed with 1.5 (150g/kg), and all the mice survived 7 days after administration, and the mental state was good, the water extract of wood butterfly is safe and non-toxic to mice, and has high safety in clinical application. In addition, in the study of Chinese herbal medicine to solve the adverse reactions in the process of cigarette smoking, it was found that the sample cigarettes added with the water extract of wood butterfly had a significant effect on antitussive and expectorant, and no obvious acute toxicity. |
| determination of content | A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of cervicosides A and B in wooden butterfly, using COSMOSIL-C18-MS-II (250 × 0.2, 5 μm) column, with V (methanol): V (phosphoric acid) =% = 4:6 As mobile phase, the flow rate was 1.0ml/min, the detection wavelength was 278nm, and the column temperature was 25.0. The results showed that the linear range of C. Auratus was 0.050-2.0 μg(r2 = 0.9999), the average recovery was 101.14, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 1.07. The linear range of biomimein B was 0.050-2.0g(r2 = 0.9999), the average recovery rate was 101.41%, the relative standard deviation RSD was 2.26%. |
| Main reference material | [1] Yin Wenguang et al. Research progress of wooden butterfly. Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 2007,32(19): -1970. [2] Wang Rui et al. Chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of wood butterfly. Guangdong Agricultural Sciences. 2011,22:121-123. [3] Zhang Chang Zhuang et al. HPLC method for the determination of the mass fraction of the wood butterfly butterfly A and B. Journal of Jilin University (Science Edition).2013,51(2):321-324. |